DOUBLE COMPARATIVES

Form:

• The + more (+ noun)+ verb phrase…
• The + comparative + verb phrase …
• The + comparative + the + noun + verb phrase

• El + más (+ sustantivo) + frase verbal ...
• La frase + verbo + comparativo ...
• La frase + comparativa + el + sustantivo + verbo

Function:

Double comparatives  are used to describe how two things are changing at the same time, or how one thing changes as a result of a change  in something else.

Función:

Los comparativos dobles se usan para describir cómo dos cosas cambian al mismo tiempo, o cómo una cosa cambia como resultado de un cambio en otra cosa.

Example:

The more you study, the more you learn.

The more food you buy from local farmers, the easier it is to support the local economy.

The more expensive the ítem, the fewer people will buy it.

Vídeo de ayuda:

REPEATED COMPARATIVES

Form

• Comparative + and +comparative
• More and more + multisyllable adjective
• Less and less + multisyllaqble adjetive

Forma

• Comparativo + y + comparativo
• Más y más + adjetivo de varias sílabas
• Menos y menos adjetivo multisilábico

Function

Reparated comparatives are used to describe something that is changing.

Función

Las comparativas repetidas se usan para describir algo que está cambiando.

Example

As a result of social media, it has become easier and easier to maintain friendships around the world.

Global corporations are becoming more and more powerful.

These days, it is less and less common for people to spend their whole lives in the same job.

Vídeo de ayuda

VERBS WITH STATIVE AND DYMANIC USES

Función: 

algunos verbos rara vez se usan en formas progresivas. Se llaman verbos estativos porque generalmente se refieren a estados o condiciones que continúan durante un período de tiempo, por ejemplo, saber, preferir o aceptar. Sin embargo, algunos verbos estativos comúnmente tienen usos tanto estativos como dinámicos, con diferentes significados.

VERB	USO DINÁMICO (VERBO EN FORMA PROGRESIVA)	EJEMPLO
Be	(actuando, comportándose)	Jhon is being really weird.
have	(causando, experimentando)	I´m having problems with my car.
See	(encontrarse con o una cita)	They´ve been seeing  each other for a while.
Think	(the process of thought)	I was thinking about it all day.

VERBO	USO ESTATIVO (VERBO EN FORMA SIMPLE)	EJEMPLO
Be	(estado permanente, verdad general)	Sofi is married.
have	(posesión , características)	I have five minutes before class starts.
See	(notice, observe, understand)	Do you see what I mean?
Think	(tener una opinion)	I think it´s a good idea.

Vídeo de ayuda:

SO, SUCH, TOO, ENOUGH

FORM	FUNCTION	EXAMPLES
So+ adjective /adverb	We use so with nouns to mean very, really, or extremely. Lo usamos con sustantivos para significar muy, muy o extremadamente.	The weather is so hot today.
Such + adjective + noun	We use such with adjective and adverbs to mean very, really, or extremely. Usamos tales adjetivos y adverbios para significar muy, muy o extremadamente.	He´s such an interesting character.
So/such… that…	We use a “that” clause aften “so and such” to show results or consequences. Usamos una cláusula "that" después de "so y such" para mostrar resultados o consecuencias.	The  movie was so interesting that I watched it twice.
Too + adjective/adverb	We use too with adjectives and adverbs to say that there is more of something than we need or want. También usamos adjetivos y adverbios para decir que hay más de lo que necesitamos o queremos.	You´re speaking too fast. Can you speak more slowly, please?
Not + adjective/adverb + enough	We use not…enough with adjectives and adverbs to say that there is less of something than we need or want. Usamos no ... suficiente con adjetivos y adverbios para decir que hay menos de lo que necesitamos o queremos.	It´s not quiet enoung to study in here.
Too/(not) … enough … to …	We use an infinitive clause after too and (not) … enough to show results or consequences. Usamos una cláusula infinitiva demaciado y (no) ... suficiente para mostrar resultados o consecuencias	There isn´t enough time to see the show. The bed was too big to fit in the room.

Video de complemento

SEPARABLE AND NON-SEPARABLE PHRASAL VERBS

FORM

• With separable phrasal verbs, you can put a noun between  the verb and the particle. With non-separable phrasal verbs, you can´t.

with separable phrasal verbs, we always separate the verb in the particle when the object is a pronoun.

• Con separable phrasal verbs, puedes poner un sustantivo entre el verbo y la partícula. Con verbos compuestos no separables, no puedes.

Con separable phrasal verbs, siempre separamos el verbo en la partícula cuando el objeto es un pronombre.

		EXAMPLE
separable phrasal verbs	Verb + paritcle + noun Verb + noun/pronoun + particle	I don´t have to write down the information. I don´t have to writen the information down. I don´t have to write it down. I don´t have to write down it. (X)
Non-separable phrasal verbs	Verb + particle (+ preposition) + noun/pronoun	I didn´t get along with my colleagues.

Video de complemento

WOULD, USED TO, BE + ALWAYS + -ING

FORM	FUCTION	EXAMPLES
Would (always/never) + base form	Used to talk about habits or customs in the past. Se utiliza para hablar sobre los hábitos o costumbres en el pasado.	Sara would never remember to buy milk on her way home.
(always/never) used to + base form	Used to talk about habits or customs in the past, or to express something that was true in the past, but is no longer true. Se utiliza para hablar sobre los hábitos o costumbres en el pasado, o para expresar algo que era cierto en el pasado, pero ya no es así.	The wind always used to blow really hard in Montreal. When I was younger, I used to have short hair.
Be + always + -ing form (presento r past  progresive)	Used to talk about habits or customs in the present and past. Se utiliza para hablar sobre los hábitos o costumbres en el presente y pasado.	They are always laughing and joking. He was always singing.

Video complementario

REVIEW OF PAST TENSES

FORM

Simple past

-ed,irregular forms (was,had,etc.)

FUNCTION

Used to describe a completed event, action, or state in the past. it is usually the main tense used to talk about the past.  Se usa para describir un evento, acción o estado completado en el pasado. Usualmente es el tiempo principal usado para hablar sobre el pasado.

EXAMPLES

I grew up in Minnesota.

They spoke to us in a diferent language.

FORM

Simple past with did for emphasis

Did+base form

FUNCTION

Used to describe a completed event, action, or state in the past and is used for emphasis often for contrast.

Se usa para describir un evento, acción o estado completado en el pasado y se usa para enfatizar a menudo el contraste.

EXAMPLES

A.      You didn’t find it difficult to settle in when you came to the U.S.A.,right?     B. Not really, but I did feel a sense of culture shock at first. FORM Past progressive Was/were + -ing form FUNCTION Used to describe actions or states in progress at a particular time in the past. It is often used to describe background action(e.g.,the weather). Se usa para describir acciones o estados en progreso en un momento particular en el pasado. A menudo se usa para describir la acción de fondo (por ejemplo, el clima). EXAMPLES Two years ago, I was living in Canada and researching the customs of indigenous communities. FORM Past perfect had+past participle FUNCTION Used to describe a completed event, action, or state that took place before another past event, action, or state. It is used to talk about things that happened before the main action. Se usa para describir un evento, acción o estado completado que tuvo lugar antes de otro evento, acción o estado pasado. Se usa para hablar sobre cosas que sucedieron antes de la acción principal. EXAMPLES We practiced  the traditional activities that our parents had taugh us.